Sur les opérateurs visuels et sonores du partage de la pensée / About visual and sound operators for the sharing of thinking

Pour aborder un champ d’études peu développé en psychologie sociale, l’approche des représentations sociales par le biais des oeuvres artistiques, l’article présente les attendus d’unerecherche internationale en cours. Cette recherche a fait l’objet d’un symposium lors de la dernière Conférence Internationale sur les représentations sociales de Sao Paulo. Elle porte sur laréception et l’interprétation d’une œuvre filmique composée de trois films (la Trilogie Qatsi) qui donnent à voir l’état contemporain du monde lié à la globalisation en usant seulement de l’image et de la musique, sans recours ni à la narrativité, ni au langage. Après un examen des contributions qui, de plus en plus nombreuses en sciences sociales, lient les processus représentationnels et les valeurs sociales aux formes d’expression artistique, le modèle de la Mimesis de Ricoeur permet traiter des cadres et de la portée de la Trilogie Qatsi...

In order to take up a field study scarcely developed in social psychology, theapproach of social representations in a roundabout way of artistic works, the article presents thetheoretical basis of a current international research. This research has been dealt in the lastInternational Conference on Social Representation, in Sao Paulo. Its aim is to study the receptionand interpretation of a set of three movies (The Qatsi Trilogy) that give a view of the contemporary state of the world due to globalization, using uniquely images and music, withouthaving recourse to narrative nor language. After having examined the contributions that, more and more numerous in social sciences, establish a link between representational processes, social values and artistic forms of expression, the Mimesis model of Ricoeur helps to handle the frame and significance of the Qatsi Trilogy...

Les inscriptions spatiales des conflits de mémoire / The spatial inscriptions of memory conflicts

Dans un travail antérieur (Jodelet, 2012) on a abordé, à propos des représentations du passé historique, le conflit qui opposait groupes mémoriels et spécialistes de la science historique dans l'interprétation de la traite des noirs et de l'esclavage dans les anciennes colonies françaises en Afrique. Dans la présente continuation, ce thème est examiné du point de vue de populations françaises concernées par les retombées, matérielles et morales, de cet épisode historique. Cet examen a pour cadre Nantes, ville portuaire où le trafic négrier a été le plus important. Il s'agit alors moins d'étudier des postures doctrinales ou des positions de mouvements institutionnalisés que des réponses collectives suscitées par la confrontation avec des pratiques passées ayant un impact sur l'image de la ville et les sentiments des habitants. Cette perspective permet de traiter d'un aspect important de la mémoire collective: celui des traces du passé inscrites dans l'espace dont Halbwachs (1925, 1941, 1950) a été le premier à poser les cadres d'une analyse en termes de psychologie collective.

In a previous paper (Jodelet, 2012) we investigated the representations of a historical past, more specifically a conflict between memorial groups and specialists of historical science about the interpretation of the black slavery and slavery on the old french colonial Africa. in this continuation of the previous paper, the point of view of the french population concerned by material and moral consequences of this historical episode is presented. This work in circumscribed in Nantes, a port city where the black slavery was the most important. The question here is not much to study doctrinal postures or institutionalized movements positions but to focus on collective responses that emerge after the confrontation with past practices that have an impact on the image of the city and the feelings of the inhabitants. This perspective allows us to deal with an important aspect of collective memory: the traces of the past recorded in the space, from which Halbwachs (1925, 1941, 1950) was the first to set the framework of a collective psychology analysis.

Brazilian contributions to community psychology

This paper presents a research current that has spread over Brazil: the Community Psychology that is now recognized as an autonomous subject and that is supported by Anglo-Saxon and European countries where national and international associations are being multiplied. The analysis of some aspects of this subject allows for outlining some relevant remarks to subsidize our discussion: values, principles and models of action that are common or specific in this discipline; aspects of social dimension to the approaches of Community Psychology and its places of observation and application.

Este artigo apresenta uma tendência de pesquisa cuja radiação do Brasil é inegável: a Psicologia Comunitária, hoje reconhecida como uma disciplina autônoma e encontra eco nos países anglo-saxões e europeus, onde se multiplicam as associações nacionais e internacionais. O exame de alguns aspectos desta disciplina permite esboçar algumas observações relevantes para subsidiar nossa discussão: valores, princípios e modelos de ação que lhe são comuns ou específicos; aspectos relevantes para integrar a dimensão social nas abordagens de psicologia comunitária e seus lugares de observação e de aplicação.

Conflits entre histoire mémorielle et histoire historienne / Conflicts between memorial history and historical history

S’attachant à une forme de mémoire qui reçoit une attention nouvelle dans larecherche, la mémoire historique, c’est-à-dire les représentations du passé historique, national, international, global ou local, l’article examine la confrontation entre les versions scientifiques et populaires d’évènements ayant touché à l’esclavage, dans le contexte français. Après avoir rappelé l’évolution du rapport entre Mémoire et Histoire et ses conséquences sur la démarchehistoriographique, il situe le contexte législatif et social dans lequel se formulent les conflits entre l’histoire défendue par les groupes mémoriels et celle préconisée par les historiens. L’étude de ce conflit d’interprétation du passé met en évidence l’étayage multiple de la connaissance du passé.

Focused on a form of Memory which receives a new attention in the filed of research, the historical memory, that is representations of historical past, be it national, international, global or local, the article examines the confrontation between scientific and popular versions of events related to slavery, in the French context. After having recalled the evolution of the relation between Memory and History and its consequences on the historian approach, it gives account of the legal and social context within which are formulated the conflicts between theclaims of memorial groups and those of historical scientists. The study of such a conflict of past interpretations gives evidence of the multiple buttressing of the past.

Culture et pratiques de santé / Cultura e práticas de saúde / Health culture and practices

Depuis ses débuts en Europe, il y a plus de vingt ans, et contrairement à la contribution pionnière des sciences sociales, la psychologie de la santé n’a pas intégré de manière systémique dans ses modèles la dimension de la culture. Les raisons rendant nécessaire une telle intégration qui favoriserait un décloisonnement des disciplines sont examinées. Elles sont liées à l’histoire du champ de la santé, au développement de perspectives culturelles en psychologie et au besoin d’une approche pluridimensionnelle des phénomènes propres au champ de la santé. Trois questions sont posées  pour avancer dans l’analyse de l’intervention de la culture: où, dans quel espace la situer, comment en concevoir les formes, à quelles conceptions de la culture peut-on avoir recours en psychologie de la santé. On tente d’y répondre en s’appuyant sur des travaux théoriques et empiriques et en introduisant un nouveau lieu d’observation: l’expérience vécue par les acteurs du système de santé.

From its early days in Europe over twenty years ago, Health Psychology has failed to integrate the cultural dimension into its models in a systemic way, as did the pioneer contributions of the Social Sciences. This article looks at the reasons why such integration is necessary and how it would prevent scientific segmentation. These reasons are linked to the history of health studies; the development of cultural perspectives in psychology; and the need to promote a multidimensional approach of the phenomenon which is peculiar to the health field. In order to advance the analysis of culture intervention within health practices, three questions are stated: where, in what place to locate culture? how to conceive its forms of intervention? what conceptions of culture can be applied in Health Psychology? To answer these questions, a tentative perspective is proposed on the basis of theoretical and empirical contributions, as well as a new place of observation: the actors’ lived experiences within the health system.

Após o seu início na Europa, há mais de 20 anos, e contrariamente à contribuição pioneira das ciências sociais, a psicologia da saúde não integrou de maneira sistêmica nos seus modelos a dimensão da cultura. As razões da necessidade de uma tal integração que favoreceria uma descompartimentalização das disciplinas são analisadas. Elas são ligadas à história do campo da saúde, ao desenvolvimento de perspectivas culturais em psicologia e a necessidade de uma abordagem pluridimensional dos fenômenos próprios ao campo da saúde. Três questões são colocadas para avançar na análise da intervenção da cultura: onde, em qual espaço a situar, como conceber as suas formas, a quais concepções de cultura podemos recorrer em psicologia da saúde. Tentamos responder a isso apoiando-nos em trabalhos teóricos e empíricos e introduzindo um novo lugar de observação: a experiência vivida pelos atores do sistema de saúde.

As representaçöes sociais da violência doméstica: uma abordagem preventiva / social representation of physically abused adolescents in violent homes: an preventive approach

Tem como objetivo identificar a construçäo de três tipos de representaçöes sociais: as da violência doméstica, as dos agressores e as que os adolescentes, agredidos na infância têm de si mesmos. Buscaram-se temas que norteassem uma proposta de prevençäo da violência doméstica pesquisando-os em 90 adolescentes da cidade de Campinas, Säo Paulo. O ponto de partida foi analisar a problemática que envolve o fenômeno da violência doméstica e sua relaçäo com os comportamentos socialmente inadequados (rebeldia, condutas marginais ou violentas) e seu efeito na auto-imagem dos adolescentes. A dinâmica de coleta de dados visou, através da entrevista inicial, dos questionários e das fichas de registro do Crami - Centro Regional de Registro e Atençäo aos Maus Tratos na Infância, Campinas - a identificar a notificaçäo de violências físicas sofridas na infância e a investigar os discursos dos atores sociais, numa perspectiva dialógica, como a principal fonte de informaçäo e expressäo oral e escrita. A análise realizada foi de natureza qualitativa-quantitativa. A primeira, destina-se ao exame dos conteúdos dos discursos, através da análise semântica e léxica. A segunda refere-se à análise fatorial de correspondência, que se destina a identificar os núcleos centrais das representaçöes sociais da violência doméstica nos dois grupos de adolescentes.